Congratulations for looking at the LS430. Since my 2003 LS430 has 250k on it and is still running great, I consider 145k just getting broken in.
IMHO, front end noise is a common fact of life on this car. None of the 4 LS400s I owned had a noisy front end. I've have all the rubber bits replaced twice in my current 2003 LS430 TWICE and it's squeeking again.
The O2 sensor will cause the yellow triangle, VSC and the CEL. Kinda weird it makes all those come on. While I strongly suggest you use an OEM O2 sensor I would NOT have a dealer do it. It could also be the O2 sensor heater is/has failed. Especially if a catalytic converter is failing have a private shop do the work-$350 vs $1400.
See if they'll replace the O2 sensor but even if they don't I wouldn't let that scare me off (I'd have another mechanic check the codes to verify it's the O2 sensor codes showing). As I recall, the OEM O2 sensor is $140USD.
IMHO, this series of LS has a "weak" transmission. I have my transmission FLUSHED every 60k mi. and still had a transmission fail at 165K.
I wouldn't be afraid of the brake vibration. Look on the internet about "bedding" brakes and you can understand the most common reason for this vibration. R1concepts.com used to have some really good tech articles about "bedding" and how to fix the vibration by re-bedding your pads (basically 5-6 full panic level braking to a stop from ~70mph or until you can smell the brakes. This procedure burns off the residues that are left behind by brake pads under light to medium braking)(and no it won't hurt anything).
Theres a little fan under each seat. Mine caught on fire when I didn't clean out the under-seat filter and it over heated. I'm guessing the one from the passenger side would probably fit and I keep meaning to switch it over.......
LS's are amazingly good cars! 250k is the least I've ever put on one. Just change the fluids faithfully with high quality products and these cars will last a very long time.