The oxygen sensor is one of several critical components in an emission control system. Feedback from the sensor can actually affect air flow, fuel flow, temperature control, engine load control, etc. Therefore, faulty readings or a failed sensor can cause an increase in fuel consumption, loss of power, dirty injectors, valve damage, piston damage, bearing failures, destruction of the catalytic converter. With modern electronically controlled engines, it is usually a good idea to keep all systems working within specifications. In California, with its strict emission controls and bi-annual mandatory checks (except on hybrids), cars are kept working in good condition for longer, and smog days in Los Angeles have been reduced from over 150/year (most lasting all day) to under 100 per year (with many alerts lasting for 1 hour or less) even though the reporting standards have become far more strict. Most of the ozone and particles are now coming from non-automotive sources. How is Denver doing?